PHYSICS PRACTICAL SPECIMEN.
QUESTION 1.
-Uniform meter rule labelled M with its mass written on its reverse side.
-Knife edge.
-Graduated measuring cylinder(0-10cm^3) labelled m1 with its mass indicated on it.
-Fine dry sand.
-Spatula.
-Thread 50cm long.
QUESTION 2.
-Rectangular glass prism measuring at least 8.0cm x 5.5cm.
-Cellotex board.
-Four optical pins.
-Four thumb pins.
-Drawing papers.
QUESTION 3.
-2 ohm standard resistor.
-Ammeter(0-3A).
-Constantan wire S.W.G.28, 100cm long.
-Two 1.5V dry cells or 2.0V freshly charged accumulator.
-Meter rule.
-Key.
-Crocodile clip.
-Six connecting wires.
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CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL SPECIMEN.
-REAGENTS:
(i.) Red and Blue Litmus Paper.
(ii.) Aqueous Ammonia.
(iii.) Dilute Hydrochloric.
(iv.) Barium Chloride Solution
(v.) Dilute trioxonitrate(V) acid
-APPARATUS:
*Glass rod.
*Filtration paper.
*Spatula.
*Two boiling tubes.
*Four test tubes.
*Methyl Orange indicator.
*Wash Bottle containing distilled/deionized water.
*Mathematical table/calculator.
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+Each candidate should be supplied with the following, where 'n' is the candidate's serial number.
(a.) 150cm3 of tetraoxosulphate(VI) solution in a corked flask or bottle, labelled 'An'.
These should all be the same containing 5.5cm3 of concentrated H2SO4 per dm3 of solution.
(b.) 150cm3 KOH solution, in acorked flask or bottle labelled 'Bn'.
These should be same containing 5.6g of KOH per dm3 of solution.
(c.) One spatulaful: (NH4)2SO4.FeSO4.6H2O in a specimen bottle labelled 'Cn'.
This must be same for all candidates.
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AGRIC PRACTICAL SPECIMEN.
A- Sandy soil (To be labelled).
B- Loamy soil (To be labelled).
C- Clay soil (To be labelled).
D- Pebbles or sandstone.
E- Granite.
F- Marble.
G- Litmus papers (Blue and Red).
H- Dilute Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) (To be labelled).
I- Shears.
J- Secateurs.
K- Spade.
L- Spear grass
M- Tridax.
N- Elephant grass.
O- Centrosema.
P- Tropical Kudzu.
Q- Pieces of meat.
R- Leather.
S- Feather.
T- Liverfluke.
U- Tick.
V- Water (To be labelled).
W- Egg. [/color]
BIOLOGY PRACTICAL
SPECIMEN
SPECIMEN A- Stem of cassava plant/sugar cane/sweet potato
SPECIMEN B- Plantain/Banana/Pineapple sucker.
SPECIMEN C- Runner of Grass.
SPECIMEN D- SPirogyra filaments in water.
SPECIMEN E- Lung of freshly killed goat.
SPECIMEN F- Freshly
preserved Toad.
SPECIMEN G1- Water leaf
plant with fresh stem (Talinum triangulare).
SPECIMEN G2- Water leaf plant with fleshy stem (left in cosin solution for minimum of six hours).
SPECIMEN H- Freshly prepared iodine solution.
SPECIMEN L- Skin of a goat/sheep/cow.
SPECIMEN M: Feather(Quill).
SPECIMEN N: Shell of a giant African snail.
SPECIMEN P: Tuber of Irish potato.
SPECIMEN Q: Twig of hibiscus/Bougainvillea.
SPECIMEN R: cassava cutting.
SPECIMEN S: Hind wing of coc.kroach
THE SUMMARY OF 2013 CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS SPECIMEN.
1. VOLUMENTRIC ANALYSIS
QUESTION 1.
'A' is a solution of tetraoxosulphate(vi).
B is a solution coomtaining !.4g of potassiumb hydroxide per 25.0cm3.
(a.) Put A into burette and titrate with 20.0cm3 or 25.0cm3 portion into of B using Methyl Orange as an indicator.
Record the volume of your pipette.
Tabulate your burette readings and calculate the average volume of acid used.
(b.) From your result and information provided. Calculate the
(i.) Concentration of B in mol/dm3
(ii.) Concentration of A in mol/dm3
(iii.) Number of Hydrogen ions in 1.0dm^2 of A.
The equation for the reaction is: H2SO4 + 2KOH --> k2SO4 + 2H2O.
{H=1, O=16, K=39}
SOLUTION
Burrete reading(cm3)| Rough | 1st | 2nd | 3rd
Final(cm3) | 18.60 | 18.00| 20.30| 28.00
Initial(cm3) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.30 | 10.00
Vol. Acid used(cm3)| 18.60 |18.00 | 18.00| 18.00
The average volume of acid used = 18.00 + 18.00 + 18.00/3 = 18.00cm3.
(bi.) Mass of KOH per dm3 of B = 39+16+1= 56.
Conc. of B = 5.6/56 = 0.01mol/dm3.
(bii.) The equation for the reaction is: H2SO4 + 2KOH --> k2SO4 + 2H2O.
From the equation ==> Conc of A * Volume of A * Mole ratio =
CA*18.00/0.10*2 = 1/2
.'. CA= 0.10 * 25/2*18'
CA= 0.0694mol/dm3.
(biii.) 1dm3 of 1.0mol/dm3 H2SO4 contains (2*6.0*10^23).
Hydrogen atom ==> 1dm3 of 0.694mol/dm3
H2SO4 contains 2*6.0*10^23 = 8.328x10^22.
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Quote
NOTE: This information is just for you for you to study the Specimen provided by WAEC.
Here is the 2013 WAEC expected Questions And Answers for the Practical Exams.
You Can Use Your School end point ( ie your school's Volume of acid used because it's very important); AS OURS IS 18.00 AS SHOWN ABOVE..
***Our Direct Mobile Subscribers (those who pay to get the answers direct to Phone as SMS) should not worry because they will get same Answers On the Exam as they paid for. To Subscribe Visit;
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QUESTIONS & SOLUTIONS to QUANTITATIVE/SALT ANALYSIS:
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-QUESTION (2a.)
C & D are inorganic salts. X is a solution of an inorganic compound.
Carryout the following exercises on C, D & X.
Record your observations and identify any gas(es) evolved.
State the conclusion drawn from the result of each test.
[i.] Add about 5cm3 of distilled water to sample C in a test tube and shake thoroughly. Divide the esulting solution into two portions.
[ii.] Put about 2cm3 of X into seperate test tubes and add the first portion of solution in (2ai).
[iii.] To the second portion of the resulting solution in (2ai), add few drops of BaCl2(aq) followed by excess dil HCl.
[bi.] To about 2cm3 portion of the resulting solution in a test-tube, add NaOH in drops and in excess.
[ii.] To another portion of the resulting solution, add few drops of dilute trioxonitrate.
SOLUTION
TEST
[2ai.] C + distilled H2O.
[ii.] 1st portion + BaCl2(aq).
[iii.] 1st portion + BaCl2 + HCl.
[iv.] Residue + dil HCl.
[bi.] 2nd portion + NaOH in drops + excess NaOH.
[ii.] C + HNO3.
[iii.] C + dil HNO3 + NH3 in drop and in excess NH3.
OBSERVATIONS
[2ai.] Dissolves completely.
[ii.] White ppt is formed.
[iii.] Ppt dissolved.
[iv.] A colourless gas is elvolved and effervescence occured.
[bi]. Dark green ppt.
Ppt insoluble in excess NaOH.
[ii.] Effervescence occured.
[iii.] Insoluble in drop.
Soluble in excess NH3.
INFERENCE
[2ai.] A soluble salt is present.
[ii.] SO4^2-, SO3^2-, S^2-, or CO3^2- suspected.
[iii.] SO3^2- present.
[iv.] H2 present.
[bi.] Fe^2+ Confirmed.
Fe^3+ formed.
[ii.] CO2- suspected.
[iii.] SO3^2- present.
NOTE: ^ Means Raise to Power and above is a question likely to show up during the exam. Use it and refresh your memory..
THE SUMMARY OF 2013 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE PRACTICALS SPECIMEN.
SPECIMEN A [SANDY SOIL]
It contains gravel coarse sand fine sand and limited amount of silt.
Characteristics of specimen A
1.it is grey and brownish in colour.
2.its particles are large .
3.it has lower water retention capacity
4.it is not pliable or plastic so it can not form structure.
5.it has large pore spaces and therefore are wild aerated.
Economic importance of specimen A.
1.easy to work on or plough upon.
2.easily washed away or leached
3.prevents watere loging
4.easily heat up
5.well aerated
6.has low PH value hence likely acidic
7.support growth of water
SPECIMEN B [LOAMY SOIL]
It contains fair balance of clay silt and sand particles.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN B.
1.it is dark brownor black in colour
2.it is not as coarse as sand nor as smooth as clay
3.it has moderate speed pore space
4.it contains organic matters or residue
5.the rate of water percolaton is moderate
ECONOMICS IMPORTANCE OF SPECIMEN B.
1. Moderate water absorbing and holding capacity
2.it contains organic matter which is source of plant nutrients when decomposed
3.easy to work or plough upon
4.does not easily loose its nutrients through leaching
5.well aerated for root respiration and development.
6.best soil for crop cultivation exmple maize rice cassava okro tomato and millet.
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SPECIMEN C [CLAY SOIL]
The particles are predominated by clay consisting of about 60%.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN C
1.it contains small fine poudry compact particles.
2.it is smooth and velvet
3.the pore space hence not well aerated
4.has low water retention.
5.grey or brownish in colour
6.friable or plastic or easy to mould.
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF SPECIMEN C
1.difficult to work on or plough
2.poorly aerated
3.easily lodged by water.
4.not easily leached
5.not easily heated
6.supports growth
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SPECIMEN A AND C
1.SPECIMEN A has large particles or coarsed Texture ----- SPECIMEN C has small particles or fine Texture
2. SPECIMEN A is well aerated ------- SPECIMEN C is poorly aerated
3. SPECIMEN A is easy to plough ------- SPECIMEN C Is difficult to plough.
4. SPECIMEN A Forms no structure ------ SPECIMENC Forms aggregate Or lumps
5. SPECIMEN A is a Warmer Soil --------- SPECIMEN C is a Cooler Soil
6. SPECIMEN A has poor water retention --------- SPECIMEN C has water retention
SPECIMEN D [PEBBLE OR SAND STONE]
It is a sedimentary rock formed by settling of sediments.
SETTLING OF SEDIMENTS.
The sediment are deposited in layers by agents like flowing water wind and Ice.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN D.
1.It Appears in layers
2.It has coarse texture
3.Presence Of Irregular fracture
4.Loosed Binding particles
5.Soft & Easily Breaked When Slight force is applied.
SPECIMEN E [GRANITE]
It is an igneous rock formed by molten magma. (SOLIDIFICATION) from beneath the earth crust. It is the oldesEarlyFace.comn own rock.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN E.
1.SHiny in appearance
2. Light Dark in Colour.
3. Coarsely crystallinein appearance
4.Has firmed binding particles
5. Extremely hard & Required a greater force to break.
SPECIMEN F [MARBLE]
It is a metamorphic rock formed from igneous and sedimentary rock which as a result of subjection to Intensive heat & Pressure hence change it's former state by process of metamorphism, Chalk and Lime stone are changed to marble.
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CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN F 1.Hard and do not break easily.
2.Shiny in appearance
3.Multi Coloured
4.Granular Texture
5.Crystalline Shape
SPECIMEN G [LITMUS PAPER (BLUE AND RED)]
It is a common indicator used to determine the acidity or alkalinenity of soil (Soil PH)
CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN G
1. Blue litmus paper turns red in acid
2.Red litmus paper turns red alkali
3. Litmus paper turns purple when neutral
SPECIMEN H [DILUTE HYDROCHLORIC ACID(HCL)]
It is an inorganic acid made of hydrogen and chlorine.
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PROPERTIES OF SPECIMEN H
1.Corrosive
2.Turns blue litmus paper red.
3.Made of hydrogen and Chlorine
SPECIMEN I [SHEAR]
It is similar in shape to scissors but much longer. It has metallic or wooden handle with sharp metal blade.
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USES OF SPECIMEN I
1. For Trimming Hedge
2. For prunning
MAINTENANCE OF SPECIMEN I
1.Wash and dry the metal part after use.
2. Sharpen the blunt blade
3. Lubricate the metal part to avoid rust
4.Store in a cool dry place
N/B: makes a drawing of Shear Yourself
SPECIMEN J [SECATEURS]
It is a scissors shaped and stunt or short metal farm tools with sharp blade. The metal handle are longer than the blade.
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USES OF SPECIMEN J
1.For cutting hard wooden plant for building
2.For pruning
3.Harvesting
4.Trimming hedges
MAINTENANCE OF SPECIMEN J
1.Clean & Dry after use
2.Oil the metal part
3.Sharpen the blunt blade
4.Store in a cool dry place.
(DRAW AND LABEL SPECIMEN J)
SPECIMEN K [SPADE]
It consists of a broad metal blade and Long wooden or metal handle with sharp edge of metal blade.
USES OF SPECIMEN K
1. For making hole during transplanting
2.Leveling ground
3.Burnying weed
4.Removing rubbish
6.Digging Drains.
7.Loading Materials
8.Excavation.
SPECIMEN L [SPEAR GRASS] (imperata cylindrical)
It is a perrenial grass it is grown mostly on silt soil with low nutritive value.it is a rhizomaton grass.
Economic importance
1.it acts as feed for livestock
2.it destroys the soil nutrients.
3It destroys tubers
Specimen m[ tridax](tridax procummbers)
Dispersal agent wind Draw image of tridax
Specimen n [elephant grass} (pennisetumpurpureum)
it is an indiginious grass found all over the tropics in wet areas.it can grow up to three metre high.it is found in river banks and forest edges.it is aperreniaal grass.its importance lies on the high yielding of protein and starch equivalent.
Specimen o [centrosema]centrosema pubescens)
it is a vine like legummious plant.it produces a good cover for 4-6 months.it has a strong climbing tendency,drought resistence.it is rich in protein source for grazing animals and have high nutritional value
Propagation
1.by seed(animal)
Specimen p[tropical kudzu](puerari spp)
it is a vigorous densely herbadaptive to high rain fall.it has a deep rooting system.the root is tuberous.so it can store enough food.it does best in heavy soil and poorly on sandy soil.
Propagation.
by seed
Specimen q [piece of meat]
it is obtained from animals
Economic imporatance
1.source of protein
2.source of income source of food
Specimen r [leather]
it is a product of animal skin
Uses of specimen R
1.for leather belt production
2.leather shoes production
3.Leather bags production
4.Leather furnitures
Specimen S [feather]
It covers the body of birds.
Functions of specimen F
1.for flight
2.for courtship or sexual display
3.for identification
4.to give animals shape
5.for protection or carmourflage
Types of specimen S
* Quail feather; found on the wings and tails used for flight
* Contour feather; smaller than quail and have barbsit helps to give birds streamlined body or shape.
* Down feather; it has short shaft and barbs but no barbules .iEarlyFace.comeeps the bird warm
* Filoplume;it has a slender shjaft with luft of barbs at the end.
(Make diagrams of this types of feathers)
Specimen T [liverfluke]
it is an endoparasite which attacks and kills the host especially sheep and cattles. it lives in the liver of the host.the primary host is sheep and cattle while the secondary host is water snail.
Economic importance of specimen T
1.loose of blood
2.causes anaemia
3.digestive disturbance
4.Obstruction in bile duct
4.causes livewr rot
6.death of the host
Control measure
1.spray waterbodies at infected areas with chemicals example(cuso4) to kill snails
2.drain pools and swamp water to destroy snails living environment
3.vegetation along slowguish stream, and leaves should be treamed
4.prevent fasrm animals from grazing near infected water sources.
5.infected animals are treated by drenching them carbon tetrachloride.
(Diagram of liverfluke)
Specimen U {
it is an ectoparasite.it belongs to the class anthropods known as arachinida.it is a blood sucking arthropod.it posses piercing and sucking mouth part by means of which it sucks blood from the host.it is of two types 1 hard ticks(ixodidae) Soft ticks(argasidae) The body is divided into twothe head and abdomen, it has four parts of legs and the mouth part bears a toothhypasome. which is a piercing and sucking organ.
Damage cost by specimen U
1.loose of blood
2 damage skin and irritation
3 transmission of disesase through bile example babesiosis or red water of cattle, or tick born fever tularemia and anaplasmosis
Economic importance
1.reduce the quality of skin due to wound caused
2.reduce production of meat and milk
3.lost of income
4.transmission of disease
5.due to restlessnes caused by irritation, yielding is reduced.
Control measure
1.rotational grazing
2.hand picking and destroy
3.regular spraying of insecticide
4.keep the farm clean
5.regular disinfection of livestock pens or premises
(Diagram of tick)
Specimen V (water)
it is the compound of hydrogenand oxygen.
Sources of specimen V: River,pond, stream, sea, lakeocean
Economic importance
1. For seed germination
2.plant growth
3.maimtain body temperature and regulation
4. For nutrient distribution For excretion of waste product in the body
Specimen w (egg)
it is laid by fowl on the dry land after fertilization. it is a special egg called amnite egg because of thepresence of aministic fluid that provide aquatic environment for the embryo.it consist of the shell yolk. Embroyotic membrane albumen and chalaza.
Functions of the parts of specimen W
* Shell membrane; provides gaseous exchange surface.
* Air space; store air for gaseous exchange Albumen provides food..(protein and salt)and water for the embryoyolk.
* Sac; contains the yolk.
* Chalaza; supports the yolk
* Embryo ;it grows and developes into new organism.
* Chodon; controls permeability and prevents water loss fromamnion.
THE SUMMARY OF 2013 BIOLOGY PRACTICALS SPECIMEN....
SPECIMEN A:
specimen A is a stem of cassava. specimen A is propagated by stem cutting. specimen A consist of nodes .a leaf or palmate leaf . botanical name =manihof spp. pest of
specimen A includes. (a)grasshopper(b)white flies(c)mealy bug (d)rodents . disease ofspecimen A are casava mosaic,leaf spot ,rooEarlyFace.comnot e.t.c
CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN A
(a)possesion of notes
(b)presence of inter nodes
(c)possesion of buds
(d)possesion of leaves and leaves stalk
(e)it stored food in the roots
SPECIMEN B
SPECIMEN B is a plantain or bannana sucker .
method of propagating specimen B is by sucker. class of fruit of specimen B is a berry.other plants in the same class of berry are (a)tomato(b)guava(c)garden eggs
other plants that can propagated by sucker are (a)pineaple(b)bannana . suckers are underground young plants which develop from the axillary buds of the parent plant.
ecological consequence of sucker is over crowding leading toncompelition for space,light and available food resources .
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CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN B
(a)presence of advations roots(b)possesion of axillary buds(c)possesion of leaf base(d)underground stem of main shoot is also present
ECONOMIC IMPORTANT OF SPECIMEN B
(a)the new plant arised from the stem sucker is a source of income to the farmers
(b)the fruit cell is also a source ofincome
(c)the fruit is a good source of food, vitamins,minerals,e.t.c
(d)the leaf base of the main shoot can also host pests and diseases.
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN SPECIMEN A AND B
(a)both are propagated through their vegetative parts.
(b)both consist of buds
DIFFERECES BETWEEN SPECIMEN A AND B
SPECIMEN A
(a)its a stem of cassava
(b)absense of the stem sucker
(c)it is dicot
SPECIMEN B
(a)it is a plantain sucker
(b)presence of stem sucker
(c)it is a monocot
specimen C
specimen C is runner of grass.runners are stems which grow horizontally on the surface of the ground
examples are (a)imperata cylindrica(b)runner of sweet potato(c)strawberry(d)blueberry e.t.c
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----DIAGRAM------
the structure of imperata cylindrics(a runner)
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GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A RUNNER
(a)possesion of buds
(b)they grow horizontally to the surface of the ground
(c)they are organs of vegetative propagation
(d)possesion of advatition roots.
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN SPECIMEN B & C
(a)both are propagated through their vegetative parts
(b)both have advertition roots
(c)scale leaves are present in both specimen
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SPECIMEN B & C
SPECIMEN B
(a)its a plantain sucker
(b)possesion ofunderground stem
(c)stem sucker grow vertically
SPECIMEN C
(a)is a runner of grass.
(b)the stem grow on the surface of the ground
(c)stem runner grow horizontally.
SPECIMEN D
specimen D is spirogyrs filorments in water in a petric dish. Specimen D is a filaments plants in the division of thallophyt.
other organisms in the thallophyt are
(a)sargassum
(b)closterium
(c)anabaena , e.t.c
CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN D
(a)possesion of clchiroplast
(b)possesion of mucilage
(c)possesion of cell wall
(d)possesion of pyreniod
(e)it is a simple multicellular
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---DIAGRAM----
the structure of specimen D
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Mode of reproduction:
-specimen D carries out sexual reproduction by conjugation & asexual reproduction by fragmentation
-When specimen D (SPIROGYRS)cell is immersed in salt (super) solution more concentrated than its cell sap,the cell (spirogyrs)we shrink & die (plasmolysis have taking
place).
-Rub the filament of the specimen D gently between your fingers & you will observe that the filaments are coated with mucilage which makes them slimy.
-Place a filament of specimen D in a cover slip or white tide & place a drop of iodine solution the part(portion)of the specimen.the portion turned blue-black showing
the presence of starch.
-The invunerable bubbles of gas form among the threads of specimen D shows that oxygen is evolved during photosynthesis.
Mode of nutrition of specimen:
-D is AUTOgrapH (holophytic)nutrition.
-The habitat of specimen D is aquatic (moist place)
SPECIMEN E
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-----DIAGRAM----
The structure of specimen E
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CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN E
(a)it consist of bronehioles
(b)it also consist of alveoli
(c)it consist of network of blood capillaries
(d)it is used for respiration
-Respiration is a metabolic process wchich takes part in living cells by which organic nutrients are broken down to release energy(ATP)for life activity or (6H12
O6+6O2-->6CO2+6H2O+ATP)
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION
(a)both occur in living organism
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RESPIRATION & PHOTOSYNTHESIS
RESPIRATION:
(a)it is exothrmic
(b)it occur in plants & animals
(c)respiration is a catabolic process
(d)heat is libiberated
(e)oxygen is used
Photosynthesis:
(a)it is endothermic
(b)it occur only in plants
(c)photosynthesis is an anearobic procees
(d)heat is absorbed
(e)oxygen is liberated
SPECIMEN F
SPECIMEN F is freshly perserved Toad.
Habitat of specimen F is terretrial-aquatic.
Respiratory organ: lungs,skin,gills,& buea cavity.
Class of specimen F is amphibian.
Parental care= none.
Reproduction= sexual.
Fertilization= external.
Excretory organ= kidney.
Mode of nutrition= carnivores,during adult stage & herbivore during tadpole stage.
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----DIAGRAM----
structure of specimen F
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STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIMEN F
specimen F undergoes various stages of development which are
(a)courtship stage
(b)the egg stage
(c)the young tadpole stage
(d)the external gill stage
(e)the internal gill stage
(f)the limb stage
(g)the young toad stage.
METAMORPHOSIS of specimen F
SPECIMEN F undergoes imcomplete metemorphosis,that is from egg->tadpole->adult. Metamorphosis is the series of gradual charges of forms & shape of an insect from the
fertilised egg to adult.
EFFECTS OR ROLE OF HORMONE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOAD(SPECIMEN F)
In the specimen F,metamorphosis is controlled by the hormone called thyroxin,tyroxin lastens the rates of metamorphosis.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN F
(a)possesion of bulg eye
(b)possesion of poisonous gland
(c)specimen F exibit dual life
(d)absense of neek
(e)possesion of webbed limbs
ADAPTATION OF SPECIMEN F IT'S HABITAT
(a)possesion of poisonous glands for defence
(b)presence of long sticky tongue for capturin of prey
(c)possesion of webbed limbs for swimming
(d)possesion of tympanic membrane for recieving sound
(e)absense of tail for easy hopping.
ECONOMIC IMPORTACE OF SPECIMEN F
(a)it destroyed some equatic weeds during tadpole stage
(b)it reduce the effect of structural adaptative of insects.
(c)it serve as a food to terrestrial organism eg hawk,snake e.t.c
(d)it also serve as food to some aquatic species
SPECIMEN G1
Specimen G1 is water leaf plant with fleshy stem
***************************
----DIAGRAM----
The stucture of specimen G1
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----DIAGRAM----
traverse sector of the stem specimen G1
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STRUCTURAL ADAPTATIVE OF SPECIMEN G1
(a)possesion of taproot system
(b)possesion of lenticells
(c)pressure of hair root
(d)possesion of succulent leaves
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MONOCOT & DICOT
MONOCOT
(a)Possesion of narrow cortex
(b)absense of cambium
(c)possesion of fibrous root system
(d)possesion of broad leaf tip
DICOT
(a)possesion of wide cortex
(b)presence of cambium
(c)possesion of taproot system
(d)possesion of pointed leaf tip
SPECIMEN G2
specimen G2 is water leaf plant with fleshy stem (left in eosin solution for minimum of six hours).
An experiment to show that the xylem tissue conducts water upwards from the roots through the stem to the leaves.
AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT
to show that the xylem tissue conducts water upwards from the roots through the stem to the leave
METHOD OF THE EXPERIMENT
A young herbacous plant (specimen G2)is uprooted,washed & placed in a beaker containing eosin solution(red ink)the roots must be completely coverd by the soluion
(eosin)leave the set UP for about six hours at the end of six hours,the plants is brought out & washed in a tap water.transver section of the roots, stems,7leavesof
the plant are made & examined under a microscope .
OBSERVATION-The xylem vessels are staird red
CONCLUSION-it showsthat the xylem tissue conducts water in plant
Specimen L is skin of a goat.
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF SPEICIMEN L
(a)A good source of income
(b)its used for decoration
(c)it is used for musical instrument
(d)A good meat
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----DIAGRAM----
THE STRUCTURE OF SPECIMEN L
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SOURCE OF SPECIMEN L
specimen L can be obtained from goat,sheep cow e.t.c
IMPORTANCE OF SPECIMEN L to the organisms where it can be obtained
(a)it relegate body temerature
(b)it brings about responds to stimulus
(c)it also help for excretion & osmorgulation
(d)it also help to manufacture & store vitamins
SPECIMEN M
Specimen M is qill feather from birds
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----DIAGRAM----
sTructure of specimen M
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Types of feather
(a)quill feather
(b)contour feather
(c)down feather
(d)filoplume feather.
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF SPECIMEN M
(a)t is used for flight
(b)it gives shape to the animal
(c)the calamus is rich in mineral
(d)it is used for making of pillos
(e)it is used for decoration
(f)A source of manure
CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN M
(a)possesion of vane
(b)presence of barbs
(c)it is used for flight
(d)presence of calamus
(e)possesion shaft
ADAPTIVE FEATHERS OF SPECIMEN M
(a)it is mdified for flight
(b)its used as an insulator
(c)it gives shapes to the organs that posses them
(d)it is also used to keep the osmotic temperature of the organisms that posses them constant.
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN SPECIMEN L & M
(a)both are anal bye-products
(b)both also helps to maintain constant body temperature .
(c)both also helps to protect the body from diseases,cold e.t.c
(d)both can be used for decoration
-Parasites of specimen M is fles
-Parasites of specimen L is tick
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SPECIMEN L & M
Specimen L
(a)specimen L is obtained from goats,sheep e.t.c
(b)it consists of fur (hairs)
(c)specimen L is not modified for flight
(d)absense ofvane & barbs
Specimen M
(a)specimen M is obtained from birds.
(b)it does not consists of fur
(c)specimen M modified for flight
(d)presense of vane & barbs
SPECIMEN N
specimen N is a shell of a great african snail
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---DIAGRAM----
STRUCTURE OF SPECIMEN N
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-Respiratory organ of specimen N is by the foot.
-Habitat= terrestrial ie humid areas.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN N
(a)possesion of apex of shell
(b)it is hexical in nature
(c)presence of aparture
(d)possesion of spiral whorn.
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF SPECIMEN N
(a)it is used as ornament
(b)it is also used for musical instrument purpose
(c)A source of income.
(d)it is used for drinking of water
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN SPECIMEN L,M & N
(a)they are all obtained from animals
(b)all are anal bye-product
(c)all are used for decoration
(d)they are used for musical instrumental purposes.
SPECIMEN P
SPECIMEN p is a tuber of irish potato .its also stem tuber.specimen P is grown on a cold temperature environment
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---DIAGRAM---
STRUCTURE OF SPECIMEN P
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CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN P
(a)specimen P is a tuber
(b)possesion of scale leaf
(c)possesion of lenticell
(d)possesion of axillary bud or eye
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF SPECIMEN P
(a)A good source of food
(b)A source of income
(c)A specimen P is a source of carborhydrate.
SPECIMEN Q
specimen Q is a twig of hibiscus flower.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN Q
(a)The tendril twigs round a supports
(b)the tendril is located at the top of the leaf
(c) the leaf is parallel & venated
SPECIMEN R
-Specimen R is a cassava cultting.
-Specimen R is used for vegetative propagation cassava
--NOTES OTHER FEATURES OR CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN R ARE THE SAME AS SPECIMEN A
SPECIMEN S
specimen S is hind wing of ****roach.
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---DIAGRAM---
STRUCTURE OF SPECIMEN S
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FUNCTIONS OF SPECIMEN S
(a)it is used for flight
(b)it protects the abdominal layer
CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN S
(a)it is lighter than the fore-wings
(b)possesion of distal end
(c)possesion of proximal end
(d)it consist of elytron
(e)it usually found in adult
SOURCE OR WHERE IT CAN BE FOUND
(a)specimen S can be found in cocroach
(b)organism that posseses specimen S undergoes incomplete metamorphosis
SPECIMEN H
Specimen H is freshly prepared iodine solution.
USES OF SPECIMEN H
(a)it is used for testing of starch in carbohydrate food
(b)it is also used for testing for starch in green leaf.
EXPERIMENTS USING SPECIMEN H
(a)test for starch using specimen H & p
collect a few pieces of spcimen p (irish potato) & add few drops of specimen H (IODINE SOLUTION). Record your observation & inference
-OBSERVATION: The colour of the portion of specimen P change to blue-black .
-INFERENCE: It indicate the presence of starch.
TEST OFF STARCH ON GREEN LEAF USING THE LEAF SPECIMEN G1,G2,& Q
METHOD OF EXPERIMENT: Step 1:
Collect the leaf from any of the specimen above .boil the leaf for about 4-7 minutes to kill the cells,burst starch grains that are present & to inactivate the enzymes
in the leaf.
STEP 2: Then dip the boiled leaf into a test tube containing 70% alcohol to decolourised the leaf
STEP 3: Finally,collect the leaf in a test tube containing 70% alcohol & place in a white tile & pour few drops of specimen H (IODINE) Solotion on the leaf.
OBSERVATION: The leaf turned blue-black or iodine solution.
INFERENCE: It indicates the presents of startch
THE SUMMARY OF 2013 PHYSICS PRACTICALS SPECIMEN.
QUESTION 3 - (ELECTRICITY):
You are provided with a constantan wire, a 2-ohm standard resistor, an accumulator E, an ameter(A), a key(K) and other necessary apparatus.
(i.) Measure and record the e.m.f of the accumulator provided.
(ii.) Connect a circuit as shown in the diagram above.
(iii.) Close the Key, read and record the ameter readings to when the crocodile clip is not in contact with the constantan wire.
(iv.) Open the key with the key making contact with the wire, when L=90cm. Close the key. Read and record the ammeter reading I, Evaluate I^-1.
(v.) Repeat the procedure for L=80,70,60 and 50cm.
(vi.) In each case, read and record the ammeter reading and Evaluate I^-1(A^-1).
Tabulate your readings.
(vii.) Plot a graph, L on the vertical axis and I^-1 on the horizontal axis.
(viii.) Determine the slope of the graph and its intercept,c on the vertical axis.
(ix) Evaluate K = c/S.
(x) Using your graph, determine the current(i) when L = 55cm.
(xi.) State two precautions taken to ensure accurate result.
Courtesy: Earlyface.com
SOLUTIONS:
TABLE OF VALUES:
S/N: 1,2,3,4,5.
Io(A): 0.650,0.700,0.750,0.800,0.850.
L(cm): 90.00,80.00,70.00,60.00,50.00.
I^-1(A^- 1): 0.011,0.013,0.014,0.017,0.020.
I(A): 0.70,0.75,0.80,0.85,0.90.
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NOTE THE FOLLOWING:
*Draw a table for the above values.
*Note that ^ means Raise to Power. Eg: 2^-1 means Two raise to power minus One.
*Note that COMMA(,) in the above table means NEXT LINE. Eg: 2,3,4,5 means dat 3 is under 2, 4 is under 3 and 5 is under 4 in a table form.
Therefore, S/N has 1,2,3,4,5 under it, in a table as shown in the table of values above. i.e 1 is under S/N and 2 is under 1 and 3 is under 2 and 4 is under 3 and so on.....
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(viii.) Slope(S) = DI/DI^-1 = 0.65/0.24
= 27.1.
Intercept (c) on the vertical axis = 0.43amps.
(ix.) K= c/S = 0.43/27.1
= 0.016.
(x.) The value of the current I when L = 55cm
= 0.018cm.
(xi.) Precautions:
(a.) I made sure the key was removed when readings were not being taken.
(b.) I ensured that the terminals were clean.
QUESTION 3 - (ELECTRICITY):
You are provided with a constantan wire, a 2-ohm standard resistor, an accumulator E, an ameter(A), a key(K) and other necessary apparatus.
(i.) Measure and record the e.m.f of the accumulator provided.
(ii.) Connect a circuit as shown in the diagram above.
(iii.) Close the Key, read and record the ameter readings to when the crocodile clip is not in contact with the constantan wire.
(iv.) Open the key with the key making contact with the wire, when L=90cm. Close the key. Read and record the ammeter reading I, Evaluate I^-1.
(v.) Repeat the procedure for L=80,70,60 and 50cm.
(vi.) In each case, read and record the ammeter reading and Evaluate I^-1(A^-1).
Tabulate your readings.
(vii.) Plot a graph, L on the vertical axis and I^-1 on the horizontal axis.
(viii.) Determine the slope of the graph and its intercept,c on the vertical axis.
(ix) Evaluate K = c/S.
(x) Using your graph, determine the current(i) when L = 55cm.
(xi.) State two precautions taken to ensure accurate result.
SOLUTIONS:
TABLE OF VALUES:
S/N: 1,2,3,4,5.
Io(A): 0.650,0.700,0.750,0.800,0.850.
L(cm): 90.00,80.00,70.00,60.00,50.00.
I^-1(A^- 1): 0.011,0.013,0.014,0.017,0.020.
I(A): 0.70,0.75,0.80,0.85,0.90.
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NOTE THE FOLLOWING:
*Draw a table for the above values.
*Note that ^ means Raise to Power. Eg: 2^-1 means Two raise to power minus One.
*Note that COMMA(,) in the above table means NEXT LINE. Eg: 2,3,4,5 means dat 3 is under 2, 4 is under 3 and 5 is under 4 in a table form.
Therefore, S/N has 1,2,3,4,5 under it, in a table as shown in the table of values above. i.e 1 is under S/N and 2 is under 1 and 3 is under 2 and 4 is under 3 and so on
(viii.) Slope(S) = DI/DI^-1 = 0.65/0.24
= 27.1.
Intercept (c) on the vertical axis = 0.43amps.
(ix.) K= c/S = 0.43/27.1
= 0.016.
(x.) The value of the current I when L = 55cm
= 0.018cm.
(xi.) Precautions:
(a.) I made sure the key was removed when readings were not being taken.
(b.) I ensured that the terminals were clean
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