ABSTRACT
Since the day it is
invented till today, paper is a part of human life in various ways and it is
gaining even more popularity as years go by. As the consumption of paper has
been increasing, the problem of sourcing raw material is emerging. As a result,
natural resources are being exploited.
Recycling of paper has
become vital since the demand for paper has increased and natural resources are
being exploited. In this study, paper industry is analyzed in regard to
recycling and the process of producing Jumbo Rolls in a recycling factory and
proportional weighted costs of recycling are presented.
Thus it is intended to
assist managers of the proposed waste paper recycling factories to make
strategic plans and also those who will start up new factories. Study
concludes that weight of waste paper as a raw material within the costs of
factory is 73% and other things cover the remaining 27%.
Starting this kind of
business is capital intensive but however, the profit therein is huge if
properly managed. This project has a very high rate ROI which is calculated to
happen with the first two years of operations.
TABLE OF CONTENT
1. Abstract………………………………………………………………………………..…2
2. Table of Content…………………………………………….……………………………3
3. Chapter one……….........……………………………………………………………….4
4. Introduction………..………………………….…………………………………………4
5. Importance and Benefits of Recycling Paper
Waste………………...…………..………6
6. Chapter Two………………………………………………………...………………….7
7. Materials and
Machines…………………………………………………………..…..…7
8. Market Demand …………………………………………………………………..….....8
9. Materials and production
Process…………………………………………………...….8
10. Machinery and equipment
needed………………………………………………….......9
11. Complete Automated Equipment
Requirement………………………………………..11
12. Chapter Three…………………………………………………..…………………….14
13. Production
Methodology……………………………………………………………....14
14. Steps in Paper recycling……………………………………………………………….14
15. Chapter Four……………………………………………………………………...…21
16. Investment Cost…………………………………………………………………….…21
17. Equipment cost…………………………………………………………………….….21
18. Cost analysis………………………………………………………………………….22
19. Profit
analysis………………………………………………………………………...23
20. Chapter Five………………………..…….…………………………….……..…….24
21. resources and
reference……………………………………………………….....…...24
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
Paper is one of
the necessities of civilization and it is almost impossible to imagine the
continuance of a world without the printed books and newspapers. People
require paper to meet the basic needs of modern life because it has many
diverse uses. Modern paper is made from cellulose
derived from a limited numbers of plants, the fibres
being mixed with sufficient water to render possible the formation of a
continuous sheet of wells of paper of uniform thickness.
Paper recycling is the
process of turning waste paper into new paper products. There are three
categories of paper that can be used as feedstock for making recycled paper:
mill broke, pre-consumer waste, and post-consumer waste. Mill broke is paper
trimmings and other paper scrap from the manufacture of paper, and is recycled
internally in a paper mill. Pre-consumer waste is material which left the paper
mill but was discarded before it was ready for consumer use. Post-consumer
waste is material discarded after consumer use, such as old corrugated
containers (OCC), old magazines, old newspapers (ONP), office paper, old
telephone directories, and residential mixed paper (RMP). Paper suitable for
recycling is called “scrap paper”, often used to produce molded pulp packaging.
Jumbo Rolls production
is one of the ways to convert the waste papers into a useable form. Jumbo rolls
used in production of toilet rolls, facial tissues, serviette paper etc. There
has been a recorded large quantity of jumbo rolls being imported from oversea
countries.
Broadly speaking, the
final production process for recycling paper is the same as the process used
for paper made from virgin fibres but, as the recovered paper fibres have
already been used, they also have to be sorted and cleaned. The collection of
used paper and board is the first step in the recycling process. The sorted
waste paper is mixing used paper with water and chemicals to break it down.
It is then chopped up
and heated, which breaks it down further into strands of cellulose, a type of
organic plant material; this resulting mixture is called pulp, or slurry. It is
strained through screens, which remove any glue or plastic that may still be in
the mixture then cleaned, de-inked, bleached, and mixed with water. Then it can
be made into new paper. The produced paper can be cut into different shapes and
sizes.
1.2 Importance and
Benefits of Recycling Paper Waste
In his article about the
importance of recovery of waste paper, Anambra states that the importance of
recovery of waste paper is explained from the perceptive of environment,
forestry, energy saving, raw material resources and chemical material saving.
Additionally, the waste paper collection rate is about 30% and because waste
paper is not dissolved in its source, it will create problems about quality and
environment. In the hierarchy of waste management, the primary priority is to
prevent waste in the time of production and to reduce the quantity and danger
level waste. To reuse, recycle and recover by means of producing energy are at
the secondary priority level. If wastes are not possible to be recycled, to
burn the waste without damaging the environment or to be stocked safely is the
last level priority.
It is not possible to
completely satisfy the need for raw material solely by recycling. But recycling
plays an important role in green economy when the developing recycling market
and its economic and environmental effects are taken into account.
The basic findings about
the place of recycling in the green economy and economic benefits that Nigeria
got from recycling are as follows;
·The earning from
recycling have been increasing
·Developing Nigeria’s
economy and Africa’s directives have been increasing recycling.
·Recycling creates more
employment compared to burning and stocking
·Recycling can reduce
greatly the need for resources that economy requires so the pressure on
resources will be weaker.
·One tree is saved every time 54 kg newspaper is
recycled.
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 Materials and
Machines
The envisaged plant is
the production of jumbo paper rolls using waste papers. The envisaged plant
will be able to make up to 1.5 ton of jumbo rolls daily producing on
a double shift per day working for 300 days in a year.
This plant will be a
small fully equipped unit that is scaled such that it can be operated in a
small dwelling unit with capacity to also produce toilet paper, cardboard paper
, cultural paper, packing paper, corrugated paper, Kraft paper, copy paper ,
writing paper and duplex board paper and so on.
This plant because of
its diverse production capability will be quite different from what is obtained
in the general market.
The envisaged plant
owner can decide to supply the rolls to other plant or can produce toilet rolls
from the same plant. The plant can produce 30,000 toilet rolls per day from the
production capacity of 1.5 ton of jumbo reel.
2.2 Market Demand
Jumbo reels supply and
demand is derived from the demand for toilet tissues in Nigeria, notably in
hospitals, households, offices, social gatherings, shops, hostels, homes and
educational institutions.
The demand for jumbo
reels is estimated at 740 million tons per annum, while about 70% of these is
been imported into the country from China, Brazil, UK etc. leaving a wide local
supply gap to be met. This is a great opportunity that calls to be filled in
this field.
2.3 Materials and
production Process
The envisaged plant
would have capacity to recycle variations waste and not just the regular paper
waste recycling been done in Nigeria. It will have capacity to recycle paper
trimmings all types of waste paper, wheat straw, rice straw, wood ,
bamboo, bagasse, cotton stalk and glue, adhesives and
Nylons.
Production can start
with the use of waste papers since it’s the commonest waste that can be gotten
from the market. Chief material markets are the printing and paper zones in
Lagos, Ibadan, Benin, Anambra and others.
Related Post: How To Start Profitable Toilet Roll Business In Nigeria
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